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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. ： ウィキペディア英語版 J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. ''J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.'', , was a decision of the United States Supreme Court holding for the first time that utility patents may be issued for crops and other flowering (sexually reproducing) plants under 35 U. S. C. § 101. The Supreme Court rejected the argument that the exclusive ways to protect these plants are under the Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA), 7 U. S. C. § 2321, and the Plant Patent Act of 1930 (PPA), 35 U. S. C. §§ 161-164. ==Background== Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (Pioneer) owns patents that cover the manufacture, use, and sale of various hybrid corn seed products (plants and seeds). Pioneer sells its patented hybrid seeds under a limited label license that provides: "License is granted solely to produce grain and/or forage."〔''J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.'', .〕 The license says that it "does not extend to the use of seed from such crop or the progeny thereof for propagation or seed multiplication,"〔U.S. Patent No. 5,491,295, at 51 (filed Nov. 22, 1994).〕 and prohibits "the use of such seed or the progeny thereof for propagation or seed multiplication or for production or development of a hybrid or different variety of seed."〔534 U.S. at 128.〕 J.E.M. Ag Supply, Inc., doing business as Farm Advantage, Inc., purchased patented hybrid corn seeds from Pioneer in bags bearing the foregoing label license. Farm Advantage resold these bags without authorization from Pioneer to do so. Pioneer then sued Farm Advantage (J.E.M.) and several of its distributors and customers. Pioneer alleged that J.E.M. had "for a long-time past been and still () infringing one or more (patents ) by making, using, selling, or offering for sale corn seed” covered under the patents.〔534 U.S. at 129.〕 J.E.M. responded that Pioneer’s patents that purport to confer protection for corn plants are invalid because sexually reproducing plants are not patentable subject matter within the scope of 35 U.S.C. § 101 J.E.M. maintained that the Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) (and perhaps also the Plant Patent Act of 1930 (PPA)) and set forth the exclusive statutory means for the protection of complex plant life. J.E.M. argued that these statutes are more specific than § 101, and thus carve out subject matter from § 101 for special treatment. J.E.M. said that awarding utility patents for plants upsets the scheme of protection contemplated by Congress. Part of that scheme is that the PVPA provides exemptions for farmers to save seed from their crops for planting subsequent crops.〔PVPA, 7 U.S.C. § 2543 ("()t shall not infringe any right hereunder for a person to save seed produced by the person from seed obtained, or descended from seed obtained, by authority of the owner of the variety for seeding purposes and use such saved seed in the production of a crop for use on the farm of the person.").〕 Utility patents do not contain such exemptions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.